![]() In fact, Marx believed that all knowledge involves a critique of ideas. This, in turn, required a critique of experience together with a critique of ideas. One could no longer be content with interpreting the world one must be concerned with transforming it, which meant transforming both the world itself and human consciousness of it. Marx declared that philosophy must become reality. It is not, however, a mere denial of those philosophies. Hegel’s idealist system and of the philosophies of the left and right post- Hegelians. The whole of his work is a radical critique of philosophy, especially of G.W.F. The written work of Marx cannot be reduced to a philosophy, much less to a philosophical system. There were also the post-World War II nondogmatic Marxisms that have modified Marx’s thought with borrowings from modern philosophies, principally from those of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger but also from Sigmund Freud and others. Offshoots of this included Marxism as interpreted by the anti-Stalinist Leon Trotsky and his followers, Mao Zedong’s Chinese variant of Marxism-Leninism, and various Marxisms in the developing world. Then there is Soviet Marxism as worked out by Vladimir Ilich Lenin and modified by Joseph Stalin, which under the name of Marxism-Leninism ( see Leninism) became the doctrine of the communist parties set up after the Russian Revolution (1917). There is also Marxism as it has been understood and practiced by the various socialist movements, particularly before 1914. It originally consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political program. Marxism, a body of doctrine developed by Karl Marx and, to a lesser extent, by Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century. ![]()
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